Environment

Energy

The way in which Alamos’ operations consume energy plays a key role in the effectiveness of our Climate Change strategy, influences Air Quality, and represents a significant proportion of our operating costs. We consume energy through both electricity use and fossil fuel combustion (diesel, gasoline, propane and natural gas).

Electricity is primarily used by our crushing and milling operations, underground ventilation, and in material handling. At the Young-Davidson mine and the Island Gold mine, electricity is sourced from Ontario’s low-carbon grid system which, in 2025, yielded approximately 80% clean energy with non-emitting sources such as hydro, nuclear, wind, and solar1. While our Ontario sites benefit from this clean supply, Alamos does not hold a Power Purchase Agreement with the province and therefore cannot claim procurement of renewable energy (as seen in Table 5.1). To support the Magino site and Phase 3+ expansion, the Island Gold District is in the process of increasing access to grid power through the development of a 115kV transmission line connection. Until this project is complete, the Magino mine uses compressed natural gas (CNG) to generate electricity through an on-site power plant, alongside smaller diesel and CNG generators where needed. At our Mexican operations, following successful connection to the national grid in December 2024, 2025 marked the Mulatos District’s first full year of grid connectivity. This transition resulted in a significant year-over-year reduction in diesel consumption. 

Across our operations, light vehicles generally run on gasoline, while heavy vehicles use diesel. For heating underground workspaces and surface buildings, the Island Gold District uses both propane and CNG, while Young-Davidson has entirely switched off propane in favor of CNG (which emits fewer greenhouse gases than propane on a per-gigajoule basis). 

In 2025, our sites continued their alignment with Alamos’ Energy & Greenhouse Gas Management Standard, which guides our mine sites in managing energy use, developing Energy Management Plans, and implementing strategies to reduce energy consumption. All our mines are encouraged to set site-specific targets for reducing total energy consumption, and each site completed projects to support these goals during the reporting year. For more information on our energy reduction projects, see the Climate Change page.

Fuel Consumption (GJ)2

Table 5.1

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Fuel Type Alamos Total Young-Davidson Island Gold District Mulatos District
Heavy Fuel Oil 0 0 0 0
Petroleum Diesel 1,620,481 158,410 1,015,960 446,112
Biodiesel 65 0 65 0
Gasoline 59,097 2,662 34,093 22,343
Propane Gas 240,179 0 153,696 86,483
Naphtha 6,631 6,356 275 0
Compressed Natural Gas 1,122,916 228,060 894,856 0
Renewables 0 0 0 0
Total 3,049,370 395,487 2,098,945 554,938

Electricity Consumption (GJ)3

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Electricity Type Alamos Total Young-Davidson Island Gold District Mulatos District
Electricity Generated 356,305 1,048 352,873 2,384
Renewable Electricity Purchased 0 0 0 0
Non-Renewable Electricity Purchased 1,559,723 978,672 439,107 141,945

Total Energy Consumption4

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Overall Energy Use Alamos Total Young-Davidson Island Gold District Mulatos District
Total 4,609,093 1,374,159 2,538,052 696,882
Portion of Total Supplied from Grid Electricity 34% 71% 17% 20%
Portion of Total from Renewable Sources 0% 0% 0% 0%

Energy Consumption (GJ)

Figure 5.1

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Young-Davidson

Island Gold District

Mulatos District

Accessible Descriptions for Charts

Energy Intensity Ratios (GJ)5

Table 5.2

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Energy Production Type Young-Davidson Island Gold District Mulatos District Alamos Total:
2025 		Alamos Total:
2024 		Alamos Total:
2023
Energy per Tonne of Ore Mined 0.53 0.43 0.17 0.37 0.42 0.37
Energy per Tonne of Ore Treated 0.51 0.76 0.17 0.45 0.46 0.29
Energy per Ounce of Gold Production 8.96 10.14 4.92 8.45 6.69 6.53

Water

Our Commitment 

Water plays a central role at every stage of the mine life cycle, from localised use during exploration to managing final effluents throughout operations and closure. Both water quality and availability are critical to our business and the communities we impact, particularly Indigenous communities, for whom water is a vital resource. Recognising these interconnected factors, Alamos is committed to responsible water management through collaboration with stakeholders. 

The foundation of our water management governance structure begins with site-based Environmental leads and water management specialists. These teams are supported by the Director of Environmental Sustainability at the corporate level, who remains informed of key developments and provides hands-on technical guidance. At the top of this structure sits the executive team, with oversight provided by the Vice President of Sustainability and External Affairs, while ultimate accountability resides with the Chief Operating Officer. 

Alamos employs a range of systems to identify and minimise water-related impacts. Our company-wide Water Management Standard provides sites with guidance for effective water management practices, covering the withdrawal, use, storage, recycling, treatment and discharge of water. This standard establishes site-specific requirements for developing robust water monitoring and control plans to reduce potential effects on the environment while complying with all regulatory requirements. Alamos understands that the use of Mercury in gold processing is a global concern. Alamos has not, does not, and will not use Mercury for the processing of gold, and per jurisdictional regulation, relevant water sources are closely monitored for natural occurrences of the element. We maintain comprehensive surface and groundwater monitoring programs across all our sites. Multiple locations at each site are routinely monitored to assess water quantity – measuring water levels, flow velocities, and other hydrological indicators – as well as water quality, through external laboratory analysis of grab samples for a broad suite of analytes. Additionally, we conduct regular reviews and updates of site-wide water balances and water management facilities at each of our operations. 

According to the World Resources Institute (WRI) Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, none of Alamos’ global operations are located in areas of high baseline water stress. Measuring baseline water stress involves comparing an area’s total water withdrawal against that area’s available flow of water in a given year6. Areas with high baseline water stress are those with low water availability and high water withdrawal. 

Company-Wide Water Interactions

Table 5.3

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Metric 2025 20247 2023
Total Water Withdrawn (ML)
(water taken from the environment) 		13,520 10,385 6,177
Total Water Discharged (ML)
(water released to the environment) 		6,815 4,787 3,282
Total Water Treated (ML) 6,506 4,150 2,718
Total Water Consumed (ML)
(= withdrawals – discharges) 		6,705 5,598 2,895
Total Water Recycled/Reused (ML)
(water used from on-site stores) 		19,188 17,065 17,461
Total Water Used (ML)
(= consumed + recycled) 		25,893 22,663 20,365
Portion of Water Recycled/Reused
(= recycled / used) 		74% 80% 90%
Total Water Intensity (m3/t)
(= consumed / tonne of ore treated) 		0.66 0.67 0.25



Throughout the mine life cycle, water requirements evolve across various phases of operation. Water withdrawals, discharges, storage, treatment, consumption, and usage fluctuate constantly, and can be influenced by external factors such as weather. While this variability can make water-related targets challenging to quantify, in 2025, Alamos announced a set of seven Sustainability Objectives and Targets which include short-, medium-, and long-term goals for water management. As described on the Targets page, Alamos has initiated the development of site-specific Operational Water Management Plans, and has a medium-term target to build freshwater reduction targets into annual site plans.  

Company-Wide Water Interactions

Figure 5.2

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Young-Davidson

The Young-Davidson Mine predominantly interacts with the nearby Montreal River; withdrawing freshwater from an upstream portion and discharging treated effluent downstream. The river is not classified as water-stressed or a listed conservation area, but it does hold significant importance to local Indigenous peoples. The mine also pumps out groundwater from underground mine workings and the open pit to maintain safe operations.

Total water withdrawals from underground and surface sources amounted to 5,118 ML in 2025, and per Table 5.4, rain and snow melt represented a considerable portion of this figure. 2,529 ML was treated and discharged in the year. The total annual withdrawals and discharges from and to each source and destination accounted for less than 5% of each water body’s average annual volume.

All discharged water is first processed by the mine’s extensive water treatment system. Underground mine water is pumped to surface and treated through a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) which facilitates the biological aerobic destruction of ammonia, alongside a chemical dosing system that precipitates metals. Surface contact water from the tailings facilities is sent to a separate water treatment plant, where it undergoes pre-treatment (agitation with hydrogen peroxide, ferric sulfate, and lime, followed by clarification) before passing through the Submerged Aerobic Growth Reactor (SAGR) which removes ammonia and residual metals. A second MBBR water treatment plant was commissioned in mid 2025 to provide additional water treatment capacity for water from the site tailings facilities. Once treated, effluents from the MBBR and SAGR are directed to the mine water settling pond before being discharged through a buried pipeline to the Montreal River.

The site adheres to the Metal and Diamond Mining Effluent Regulations (MDMER), which establish concentration limits for key substances including arsenic, copper, cyanide, lead, nickel, zinc, suspended solids, radium 226, and un-ionised ammonia.

Additionally, the MDMER requires Environmental Effects Monitoring studies, which analyze an additional 19 parameters such as chromium, iron, mercury8, and selenium. The site has a provincially regulated Environmental Compliance Approval (ECA) for water discharge. In 2025, Young-Davidson had zero (0) non-compliant water discharges.

2025 Young-Davidson Water Withdrawals and Discharges

Table 5.4

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Water Type Water Withdrawn (ML) Water Discharged (ML)
Surface Water 474 2,509
Ground Water 2,611 20
Sea Water 0 0
Rain and Snow Melt 2,033 n/a9
Third Party Water 0 0
Produced Water 0 0

2025 Young-Davidson Water Consumption

Table 5.5

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Metric Value
Total Water Consumption (ML) 2,589
Water Intensity (m3/t)10 0.96
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Island Gold District

At the Island Gold District, the Island Gold and Magino operations manage water separately in accordance with their respective site-specific permits. Island Gold sources domestic water from Maskinonge Lake and undertakes dewatering of underground mine workings to maintain safe operations. Magino withdraws water from the open pit via pumping. 

Final effluent from Island Gold is discharged to Goudreau Lake or managed through on-site septic systems, while Magino discharges to Otto Lake. Neither of these receiving water bodies are classified as water-stressed, nor designated as conservation areas. However, they lie within the traditional territories of local Indigenous communities and are therefore of high cultural and environmental significance. 

In 2025, a total of 5,627 ML of water was withdrawn from the environment across the Island Gold District, with 4,228 ML returned through discharges. Precipitation, including rain and snow melt, accounted for 55% of total water withdrawals (Table 5.6), reflecting the operating context in Northern Ontario. In managing water volumes influenced by this seasonal input, Magino’s annual discharges exceeded 5% of Otto Lake’s average annual volume. No other water withdrawals or discharges exceeded 5% of the average annual volume of their respective water bodies during the year. 

Prior to discharge at the Island Gold site, effluent is treated in holding ponds, where solids are removed through coagulation and flocculation, cyanide is naturally degraded, and acidity (pH) is chemically regulated. At the Magino site, water is pumped through a series of settling ponds before undergoing passive treatment through an on-site constructed wetland, with final settlement and storage in the Water Quality Control Pond. Treatment at both sites is conducted in accordance with the MDMER, and each operation maintains an ECA that establishes site-specific effluent quality limits for priority substances. 

There was one instance of non-compliant water discharge at the Island Gold District during the year. In June 2025, Magino’s final effluent slightly exceeded the monthly average concentration limit for Nitrate, as defined by the site’s ECA. Discharge was suspended until the issue was resolved. To address the exceedance and prevent recurrence, carbon and phosphorous sources were added to a holding pond to support the biological treatment of Nitrate prior to water entering the constructed wetland for final passive treatment. 

2025 Island Gold District Water Withdrawals and Discharges

Table 5.6

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Water Type Water Withdrawn (ML) Water Discharged (ML)
Surface Water 810 4,208
Ground Water 1,710 20
Sea Water 0 0
Rain and Snow Melt 3,088 n/a11
Third Party Water 18 0
Produced Water 0 0

2025 Island Gold District Water Consumption

Table 5.7

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Metric Value
Total Water Consumption (ML) 1,399
Water Intensity (m3/t)12 0.42
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Mulatos

The Mulatos District sources surface water from the Mulatos River and groundwater from the Yécora aquifer. While the Mulatos River supports one protected species (the Yaqui Catfish), the mine’s water withdrawals remain below 5% of the river’s annual average volume, ensuring minimal impact on local water resources. In 2025, 1,429 ML of the total 2,775 ML withdrawn was from the river. The waterbody is not a Ramsar listed conservation area, or otherwise deemed nationally or internationally protected.   

In 2025, the Mulatos District discharged 58 ML of water. Due to the naturally high acidity of local ground material, all precipitation falling on site must be collected in ponds and either evaporated or treated prior to release. Water lost to evaporation – whether naturally or through mechanical evaporators – is not tracked. As a result, the majority of reported discharge consists of contact water treated to balance pH and remove heavy metals and sulfates using lime-based chemical precipitation, before being released to the Mulatos Creek.  

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The remaining portion of discharge is comprised of wastewater from the camp facilities, which undergoes biological treatment via activated sludge before being discharged to streams that flow into the Mulatos River. Excluding the untracked evaporated volume, all water withdrawn and not discharged in 2025 was either stored or treated and reused on site – either in operation of the leach pads, or for dust suppression on roads. 

According to the WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, the region surrounding the Mulatos District is categorised as “arid and low water use”. While Sonora State is characterised by low water availability, local demand in this area is relatively low; as such, the region is not considered highly water stressed.  

Water discharge at the Mulatos District is regulated under Mexican Official Standard NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021, which sets maximum allowable pollutant limits for wastewater released into national water bodies. Mining-related discharges are monitored for parameters including cyanide, heavy metals, and acidity, while domestic wastewater monitoring focuses on biological parameters. There were no unplanned discharges or instances of non-compliance with discharge limits in 2025.  

2025 Mulatos Water Withdrawals and Discharges

Table 5.8

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Water Type Water Withdrawn (ML) Water Discharged (ML)
Surface Water 1,429 5813
Ground Water 12 0
Sea Water 0 0
Rain and Snow Melt 1,334 0
Third Party Water 0 0
Produced Water 0 0

2025 Mulatos Water Consumption

Table 5.9

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Metric Value
Total Water Consumption (ML) 2,717
Water Intensity (m3/t)14 0.66

Acid Rock Drainage

Rock containing sulfide minerals is classified as Potentially Acid Generating (PAG). When exposed to oxygen and water, PAG rock can produce Acid Rock Drainage (ARD), whereby sulfuric acid leaches from the rock into the surrounding environment through contact water. Due to the natural geologic conditions of the Magino and Mulatos sites, PAG rock is present at both mines (Table 5.10). 

At Magino, PAG material represents only a small portion of the rock mined from the open pit. This material is segregated from non-acid generating rock and placed in the Tailings Facility, where it is permanently submerged below the water table to prevent exposure to oxygen. This mitigation method has been in effect since PAG material was first mined at the site. As a result, no ARD has been generated, and no treatment or remediation has been required.  

At Mulatos, a significant proportion of waste rock is classified as PAG. ARD is actively mitigated where possible, through measures such as water diversion channels designed to limit contact between surface water and PAG material. However, given the region’s precipitation patterns, complete avoidance of water contact is not feasible. As such, all contact water is collected and evaporated or treated prior to discharge, and progressive reclamation activities are underway in several areas to reduce long-term ARD exposure. 

Acid Rock Drainage

Table 5.10

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Legend
True False
Status Young-Davidson Island Gold District Mulatos District
Predicted to Occur False True True
Actively Mitigated False True True
Under Treatment/Remediation False False True

Waste

In alignment with the frameworks guiding Alamos’ ESG Reporting, “waste” includes both mineral waste (waste rock and tailings) and non-mineral waste (e.g., domestic and construction waste). The safe storage, handling, and disposal of all waste types is fundamental to our operations. Our internal Non-Hazardous & Hazardous Waste Management Standard and Mine Ore & Waste Stockpile Management Standard apply to all sites and define the minimum requirements to managing waste. 

The Non-Hazardous & Hazardous Waste Management Standard stipulates that: 

  • Hazardous and non-hazardous waste, including domestic waste, be separated and labelled before storage and disposal
  • On-site waste storage facilities align with leading industry practices, such as secondary containment and coverage, and regulatory requirement 
  • Off-site transportation and disposal of waste occur within 90 days of generation, using licensed contractors

The Mine Ore & Waste Stockpile Management Standard stipulates that sites must: 

  • Assess the potential for acid generation and metal leaching for all stockpiles
  • Evaluate the geotechnical and seismic stability of stockpiles with a lifespan exceeding one year
  • Construct, operate, monitor, and maintain stockpiles to ensure long-term geotechnical stability
  • Develop and maintain site-specific Mine Ore and Waste Stockpile Materials Management Plans that define internal procedures and responsibilities

Each operation implements site-specific waste management programs to ensure compliance with these standards and applicable regulations. This commitment extends across all stages of the mine life cycle, ensuring both Alamos and our third-party waste management suppliers uphold leading practices in environmental stewardship.

Alamos is committed to minimising waste generation and managing associated impacts. Waste-related impacts arise directly – such as safety risks from on-site storage – and indirectly through our value chain, such as increased land use by landfills and emissions from off-site incineration. Our mitigation measures include efficient procurement aligned with operational needs, maximisation of recycling and reuse opportunities, and safe containment and storage practices. At Young-Davidson, a Refuse Management Plan governs waste handling from source (both surface and underground) to final disposal, including waste categorisation, sorting protocols, bin placement, and defined roles and responsibilities. Island Gold prioritises the 3 Rs – waste reduction, reuse, and recycling – supported by an employee-led 3 Rs Sub-committee, which advanced key initiatives throughout 2025.

Waste Management Metrics (Tonnes)

Non-Mineral Waste

Table 5.11

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Type of Waste Young-Davidson Island Gold District15 Mulatos District Alamos Total:
2025 		Alamos Total:
2024 		Alamos Total:
2023
Non-Hazardous Waste Disposed16 637 22,355 583 23,575 10,843 4,179
Non-Hazardous Waste Recycled/Reused 1,262 1,51417 671 3,447 9,208 2,356
Hazardous Waste Disposed 58 100 242 400 404 673
Hazardous Waste Recycled/Reused 208 390 204 802 671 596
Total Non-Mineral Waste Generated 2,165 24,359 1,700 28,224 21,126 7,805
% Non-Mineral Waste Recycled/Reused 68% 8%18 51% 15% 47% 38%

Mineral Waste19

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Type of Waste Young-Davidson Island Gold District20 Mulatos District Alamos Total:
2025 		Alamos Total:
2024 		Alamos Total:
2023
Non-Hazardous Waste Rock Disposed (NPAG)21 33,247 7,196,263 4,330,532 11,560,042 11,025,604 1,719,759
Non-Hazardous Waste Rock Recycled/Reused 347,253 6,534,586 0 6,881,839 1,516,811 740,460
Hazardous Waste Rock Disposed (PAG)22 0 224,988 12,006,664 12,231,652 13,137,498 22,592,179
Tailings Disposed23 1,142,480 3,346,783 0 4,489,263 2,609,696 3,317,055
Hazardous Mineral Waste Recycled/Reused24 1,563,189 0 0 1,563,189 1,841,045 1,662,950
Total Mineral Waste Generated25 3,138,063 16,736,595 16,337,196 36,211,854 28,613,842 27,628,993

Total Mineral and Non-Mineral Waste Disposed, Recycled, and Generated

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Type of Waste Young-Davidson Island Gold District26 Mulatos District Alamos Total:
2025 		Alamos Total:
2024 		Alamos Total:
2023
Total Waste Disposed27 1,176,422 10,790,489 16,338,021 28,304,932 27,934,481 27,633,845
Total Waste Recycled/Reused 1,911,912 6,536,490 875 8,449,276 3,367,735 2,405,362
Total Waste Generated28 3,140,228 16,760,954 16,338,896 36,240,077 29,785,405 27,536,798
% Waste Recycled/Reused 61% 39% 0% 23% 11% 9%

Company-Wide Waste Generation vs Waste Recycling/Reuse (tonnes)

Figure 5.3

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Accessible Descriptions for Charts

Waste is classified as hazardous if it poses a risk to human health and safety and/or the natural environment. All people handling hazardous waste receive specialised training on proper storage, handling and disposal procedures. Hazardous waste risks are also integrated into routine health and safety risk assessments. In addition, each site maintains a dedicated Spill Response Procedure that outlines protocols for safely managing and remediating spills.

During the year, there were 12 reportable spills/releases across Alamos’ operations (Table 5.12). All affected areas were remediated, and follow-up monitoring indicates no anticipated long-term impacts. 

Reportable Spills

Table 5.12

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Location Material Volume Event and Response
Young-Davidson Reclaim water 150 m3 A January power outage caused a flood at the paste plant. Due to below freezing air temperature, water that reached the environment froze, and loaders collected the ice.
Young-Davidson CNG 150 mscf Instrumentation froze during inclement weather, causing the system to over-pressurize and vent off gas. The issue was promptly identified and resolved.
Young-Davidson Mine water 240 m3 A water line froze and burst, releasing water into a gravel parking area. Valves were shut off immediately upon identification, however water saturated into the ground too quickly to be pumped out.
Young-Davidson Domestic black water 9 m3 A blockage in the domestic sewage system caused an overflow onto gravel material. Monitoring of nearby groundwater wells identified no changes in groundwater quality.
Island Gold District Reclaim water 4 m3 A power outage affected pumps in the mill, resulting in an overflow that reached outdoors. Standing water was collected via vacuum truck, and surrounding ground material was excavated.
Island Gold District Hydraulic oil 200 L A loose fitting on a drill rig released oil to the ground in the open pit. Standing oil was removed with a vacuum truck and contaminated ground material was excavated. All spilled material was recovered.
Island Gold District Reclaim water 500 L A power outage affected pumps in the mill, resulting in an overflow that reached outdoors. Standing water was collected via vacuum truck, and surrounding ground material was excavated.
Island Gold District Tailings 10 m3 A tailings discharge line was punctured and spilled within the Tailings Facility footprint. Although all material from this event was contained within the Tailings Facility, liquid tailings were removed with a vacuum truck and contaminated solids were removed with a bucket loader.
Island Gold District Diesel 3,000 L A loose connection caused an overflow during the fueling of a water pump causing diesel to spill into an on-site pond. Contaminated ground material was excavated, and affected water was remediated using hydrophobic spill booms and a vacuum truck. Water discharge was halted while the area was sampled extensively, to ensure final effluent quality was not affected.
Island Gold District Reclaim water 5,000 L A power outage affected pumps in the mill, resulting in an overflow that reached outdoors. Standing water was collected via vacuum truck, and surrounding ground material was excavated.
Island Gold District Tailings 40 m3 A failed pipeline coupling caused the release of tailings to the ground just outside the mill facility. Contaminated ground material was excavated, and no environmental impacts have been identified.
Island Gold District Reclaim water 2 m3 A blockage within the milling system caused an overflow that reached the outdoors. Contaminated ground material was excavated.

Nature

Biodiversity

 

Mining can have significant impacts on the natural environment. At the local level, the construction and operation of mines can alter terrestrial and aquatic habitats, disrupt wildlife corridors, and affect ecological processes beyond their natural range of variation. These changes can contribute to local species decline and broader shifts in ecosystem dynamics. 

The extent of habitat disturbance varies by mining method. Open-pit operations, such as Mulatos and Magino, typically affect larger surface areas than underground operations like Young-Davidson and Island Gold, resulting in more pronounced direct impacts on biodiversity. Beyond local impacts, mining activities also contribute to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, which can drive habitat alterations on a global scale. 

Alamos monitors and manages species at risk and their habitats in accordance with applicable jurisdictional registries and regulatory requirements (Table 5.13). This includes ongoing assessment and mitigation measures to support the protection and conservation of biodiversity across our operations.

 

Species at Risk per Jurisdictional Regulation

Table 5.13

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Classification Young-Davidson Island Gold District Mulatos District Lynn Lake Project
Regulation Canada’s Species at Risk Act, Ontario’s Endangered Species Act Canada’s Species at Risk Act, Ontario’s Endangered Species Act Ley General de Vida Silvestre, NOM-059-Semarnat-2010 Canada’s Species at Risk Act, Manitoba’s Endangered Species and Ecosystems Act
Endangered 329 230 331 232
Threatened 233 634 835 536
Special Concern 337 238 1639 1140

No Alamos sites are located within protected areas, and only the Young-Davidson mine is located directly adjacent to one – the West Montreal River Provincial Park. However, 100% of Alamos’ proven and probable mineral reserves are located within or near endangered species habitat. As such, we remain mindful of our direct impacts on biodiversity and the importance of responsible environmental management.  

Our internal Biodiversity and Land Use Standard applies to all Alamos operations. The Standard requires that, prior to any new surface disturbance, authorisation must be obtained from the Environmental department, which is responsible for securing all necessary permits. It also mandates the completion of assessments to identify potential impacts to cultural resources, traditional knowledge, territorial lands, archeological features, listed wildlife and vegetation species, sensitive areas, sensitive habitats, and wetlands. 

The Standard also requires that sites minimise ecosystem disturbance to only what is essential for safe and efficient operations, and that they control the influence of introduced species – particularly invasive plant species, weeds, feral predators, and plant and animal diseases. While working closely with environmental professionals and local authorities, Alamos applies the Mitigation Hierarchy principles in seeking to avoid, minimise, restore/rehabilitate, or offset our impacts wherever possible.  

By the end of 2025, all Alamos sites had finalised their Biodiversity and Land Use Management Plans (BLUMPs). These BLUMPs outline site-specific procedures and processes to protect sensitive ecosystems, habitats, and species at risk. While Alamos’ policies and practices are not explicitly developed to meet the IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability, they are aligned with the overarching principles of Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources. 

Land Use (ha)

Table 5.14

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Purpose of Land Young-Davidson Island Gold District Mulatos District Lynn Lake Project El Chanate
Size of Operation41 1,413 3,588 1,095 1,172 2,806
Area Disturbed During the Year 0 80 0 382 0
Area Rehabilitated During the Year 0 0 9 0 0
Total Area Disturbed and Unrehabilitated at Year-End 432 755 1,047 551 116

Reclamation

While mining activities inherently impact the natural environment throughout an operation’s life cycle, some effects can be positive. For example, water discharged from our sites is often higher quality than baseline conditions. At Young-Davidson, historic mine tailings have been covered and seeded, successfully reintroducing vegetation to previously unusable land. Many adverse impacts associated with mining are temporary and are addressed during closure and reclamation. 

In accordance with our company-wide Mine Closure Standard, all Alamos operations have closure plans, which are incorporated into our Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO). This fulfills regulatory requirements in Canada to set aside sufficient financial provisions for mine decommissioning and reclamation. Closure Plans and ARO budgets are annually reviewed, and subject to independent audit to ensure financial accountability. We frequently update our closure plans to reflect regulatory change and leading industry practices.  

Where feasible, we implement progressive reclamation, restoring disturbed areas once they are no longer required for operations. Increasingly, reclamation planning incorporates input from local communities, with the goal of achieving ecologically stable end states aligned with stakeholder expectations. Oversight of mine closure and rehabilitation rests at the executive level, with the Chief Operating Officer.  

At Mulatos, rehabilitation work continues at the Cerro Pelon, El Victor and San Carlos historic pits. Due to the acidic nature of the pit walls, water accumulating within the pit catchment requires treatment; therefore, directing water flow is a key closure design priority. In 2025, nine hectares of land were reshaped in accordance with closure designs, and approximately 4,300 meters of diversion channels were constructed to redirect clean water away from pits, and route acidic water into lined holding ponds for evaporation. Some areas have been revegetated using native plants cultivated in the on-site nursery, while soil development continues in other areas.  

At the Island Gold District, reclamation commenced at the Goudreau Iron Range Pits, a historic site acquired with the Magino Mine. Located south of Magino, the site includes legacy infrastructure and five historical pyrite pits mined between the early 1900s and the 1960s. Prior to acquisition, the site presented safety and environmental risks, including exposed hazards, Acid Rock Drainage (ARD), and metal leaching.  

In 2025, Alamos removed key hazards by demolishing concrete structures at the historic loadout area, recycling scrap metal, and relocating waste rock for pit backfilling. The historic loadout area was treated with lime fines to neutralise residual ARD. Ongoing water quality monitoring is being conducted to assess the effectiveness of these measures, with further improvements anticipated following revegetation.  

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Historic Load Out - Reclaimed - Facing North East
Historic Load Out – Reclaimed – Facing North East
Historic Load Out - Reclaimed - Facing North
Historic Load Out – Reclaimed – Facing North
Historic Load Out Area at Goudreau - Facing South
Historic Load Out Area at Goudreau – Facing South
Historic Load Out Area Infrastructure at Goudreau - Facing North-East
Historic Load Out Area Infrastructure at Goudreau – Facing North-East
Re-sloping at Cerro Pelón Phase 3
Re-sloping at Cerro Pelón Phase 3
Reclaimed Load Out Area at Goudreau - Facing South
Reclaimed Load Out Area at Goudreau – Facing South
Revegetation at Cerro Pelón Phase 1
Revegetation at Cerro Pelón Phase 1
Revegetation at Cerro Pelón Phase 3
Revegetation at Cerro Pelón Phase 3
Water Diversion Channels at Cerro Pelón
Water Diversion Channels at Cerro Pelón

Air Quality

Alamos conducts air quality monitoring at all operations to protect human and environmental health while complying with jurisdictional regulations. Key sources of air emissions include surface hauling, crushing, milling, smelting, and the storage and handling of materials such as lime and cement. 

Our Canadian operations adhere to Environmental Compliance Approvals (ECAs) for Air and Noise issued by Ontario’s Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP). They are also subject to federal reporting requirements under the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), which mandates the annual disclosure of significant air emissions.

In Mexico, air emissions are monitored and reported in accordance with local regulatory requirements. However, unlike in Canada, comprehensive monitoring of certain pollutants – such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) – is not required. As a result, while the Mulatos Mine complies with all applicable regulatory requirements, these specific indicators are not systematically tracked.

Significant Air Emissions (tonnes)

Table 5.15

Scrolling horizontally may be needed to view the full table.
Type of Emission Young-Davidson Island Gold District Mulatos District Alamos Total:
2025 		Alamos Total:
2024 		Alamos Total:
2023
NOx 35.2 780.6 44.2 860.0 3,502.1 4,870.3
SOx 0.4 1.4 0.7 2.6 16.2 19.8
POP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
VOC 28.1 9.2 – 37.3 40.1 40.1
HAP 5.2 8.0 – 13.2 33.0 39.0
PM10 57.5 260.7 – 320.1 769.4 91.8
PM2.5 10.0 79.9 – 89.9 202.0 64.2
CO 212.9 333.1 11.2 557.1 1,258.8 1,667.4
Pb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0
Hg 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

References

  1. Read more at: https://www.ieso.ca/en/Learn/Ontario-Electricity-Grid/Supply-Mix-and-Generation
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  2. Within the organization. Energy consumption outside of the organization is not tracked.
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  3. Alamos does not sell electricity.
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  4. Excludes Electricity Generated amounts, as its associated energy is already accounted for under Fuel Consumption.
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  5. Includes only energy use within the organization, from all energy types included in Energy Consumption table.
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  6. https://pdf.wri.org/aqueduct_metadata_global.pdf
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  7. 2024 water metrics include the Magino mine (July to December 2024) for the first time, resulting in material increases to several indicators when compared to 2023.
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  8. No Alamos operation uses Mercury (Hg) in the processing of gold.
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  9. Included in surface water discharges.
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  10. Cubic meter of water consumed per tonne of ore treated.
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  11. Included in surface water discharges.
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  12. Cubic meter of water consumed per tonne of ore treated.
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  13. Excludes evaporated water, which is untracked.
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  14. Cubic meter of water consumed per tonne of ore treated.
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  15. Does not include off-site camp.
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  16. Sent to off-site landfills for Young-Davidson and the Island Gold District, and to an on-site landfill at Mulatos.
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  17. The Island Gold District does not yet track recycling volumes of paper, cardboard, plastics, or wood. This figure represents only metal and tires, and is therefore understated.
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  18. The Island Gold District does not yet track recycling volumes of paper, cardboard, plastics, or wood. This figure is therefore understated.
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  19. For mineral waste, disposal refers to safe on-site storage for eventual remediation.
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  20. Does not include off-site camp.
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  21. Non-Potentially Acid Generating Waste Rock.
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  22. Potentially Acid Generating Waste Rock.
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  23. All Tailings are considered hazardous.
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  24. Tailings used as paste fill.
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  25. This figure may not equal the sum of the above rows, as mineral waste is frequently reused on site in years following its generation.
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  26. Does not include off-site camp.
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  27. Includes predominantly mineral waste stored on-site. See Non-Mineral Waste disposal totals for total waste sent to landfill.
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  28. Total Waste Generated may not equal the sum of the two rows above, as mineral waste is often reused on site in subsequent years after it is generated.
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  29. Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus), Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus), Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)
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  30. Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) and Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)
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  31. Gila Chub (Gila intermedia), Yaqui Chub (Gila purpurea), Sonora Sucker (Catostomus insignis)
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  32. Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) and Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)
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  33. Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) and Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra)
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  34. Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica), Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor), Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), Whip Poor Will (Antrostomus vociferus), Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata)
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  35. Longfin Dace (Agosia chrysogaster), Rio Grande Sucker (Catostomus plebeius), Yaqui Catfish (Ictalurus pricei), Gila Topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis), Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis), Blackneck Garter Snake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis), Sonoran Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus), Boa Constrictor (Boa constrictor)
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  36. Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi), Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia), Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), and Shortjaw Cisco (Coregonus zenithicus)
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  37. Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), American Bumble Bee (Bombus pensylvanicus), and Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus)
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  38. Eastern Wood Pewee (Contopus virens), Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), and Yellow-banded Bumble Bee (Bombus terricola)
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  39. Yaqui Sucker (Catostomus bernardini), Tarahumara Salamander (Ambystoma rosaceum), Madrean Alligator Lizard (Elgaria kingii), Northern Pigmy Skink (Plestiodon parviauriculatus), Black-tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), Montezuma Quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae), Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii), Common Black Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus), Swainson’s Hawk (Buteo swainsoni), Brown-backed Solitaire (Myadestes occidentalis), Clear-banded Coral Snake (Micrurus distans), Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake (Crotalus basiliscus), Spotted Box Turtle (Terrapene nelsoni), Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), Harris’s Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), and Black-headed Nightingale-thrush (Catharus mexicanus).
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  40. Wolverine (Gulo gulo), Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis), Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus), Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens), Yellow-banded Bumble Bee (Bombus terricola), Transverse Lady Beetle (Coccinella transversoguttata), Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor), Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus), Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Calidris subruficollis), and Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus)
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  41. For the purposes of representing Alamos’ land use, this figure includes all land inside each site’s most recent Closure boundary (the area Alamos may be responsible to rehabilitate at the end of the life of mine). Note that this entire area will not necessarily be disturbed/altered.
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